-
1 aro
ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cf. aroô = to plough, to till; arotron = aratrum; arotos, aroura = arvum, = Welsh ar; arotêr = arator; armentum; Goth. arjan = to plough; O. H. Germ. aran = to ear], to plough, to till.I.A.. Lit.a.Absol.:b.arare mavelim quam sic amare,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 21:in fundo Fodere aut arare,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 17:si quidem L. Quinctio Cincinnato aranti nuntiatum est etc.,
Cic. Sen. 16, 56:bene et tempestive arare,
Cato, R. R. 61, 1; Plin. 18, 19, 49, § 174:bos est enectus arando,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 87:die septimo cessabis arare et metere,
Vulg. Exod. 34, 21; ib. Luc. 17, 7; ib. 1 Cor. 9, 10.—With acc.:B.arare terram,
Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 16; Ov. F. 1, 703; cf. Col. 2, 4; Pall. 2, 3, 2:ager non semel aratus, sed novatus et iteratus,
Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:cum terra araretur et sulcus altius esset impressus,
id. Div. 2, 23, 50:vallem arari,
Vulg. Deut. 21, 4:campum arare,
Ov. Tr. 3, 328:olivetum,
Col. 5, 9:Capuam,
Verg. G. 2, 244:Campaniam,
Prop. 4, 4, 5 et saep.—Trop1.Of a ship, to plough: aequor. Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 76; so id. Am. 2, 10, 33 Heins.; Verg. A. 2, 780; 3, 495:2.aquas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36 (cf.:sulcare aquas,
id. M. 4, 707).—Of age, to draw furrows over the body, i. e. to wrinkle:3.jam venient rugae, quae tibi corpus arent,
Ov. A. A. 2, 118.—In mal. part.:4.fundum alienum,
Plaut. As. 5, 2, 24; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 48 al.—Prov.: arare litus, for to bestow useless labor:II.non profecturis litora bobus aras,
Ov. H. 5, 116; so id. Tr. 5, 4, 48; cf. Juv. 7, 49.—In a more extended sense.A.To cultivate land, and absol. to pursue agriculture, to live by husbandry (cf. agricola and arator):B.quae homines arant, navigant, aedificant, virtuti omnia parent, i. e. in agriculturā, navigatione, etc., omnia ex virtute animi pendent,
Sall. C. 2, 7 Corte' arat Falerni mille fundi jugera, Hor. Epod. 4, 13:cives Romani, qui arant in Siciliā,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 5.—To gain by agriculture, to acquire by tillage:decem medimna ex jugero arare,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 47 (where, Zumpt, from conjecture, has received exarare into the text; so B. and K.). -
2 sulcō
sulcō āvī, —, āre [sulcus], to furrow, turn up, plough: vomere humum, O.— To furrow, plough, cross, traverse, mark: (anguis) harenam Sulcat, O.: vada salsa carinā, V.* * *sulcare, sulcavi, sulcatus Vfurrow, plough; cleave -
3 obfringo
offringo ( obfr-), ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ob-frango], t. t. of agriculture, i. q. iterare, to plough a second time; to cross-plough: terram cum primum arant, proscindere appellant;cum iterum, offringere dicunt,
to cross-plough, Varr. R. R. 1, 29; id. ib. 32:glaebas,
Col. 2, 11, 3; cf.: offringi terra dicitur, cum iterum transverso sulco aratur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 199 Müll. -
4 offringo
offringo ( obfr-), ēgi, actum, 3, v. a. [ob-frango], t. t. of agriculture, i. q. iterare, to plough a second time; to cross-plough: terram cum primum arant, proscindere appellant;cum iterum, offringere dicunt,
to cross-plough, Varr. R. R. 1, 29; id. ib. 32:glaebas,
Col. 2, 11, 3; cf.: offringi terra dicitur, cum iterum transverso sulco aratur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 199 Müll. -
5 arō
arō āvī, ātus, āre [2 AR-], to plough, till: terram: in fundo, T.: piger optat arare caballus (i. e. rather than carry a rider), H. — Prov.: arare litus, to waste labor, O. — In gen., to cultivate: quae homines arant, navigant, etc., i. e. success in agriculture, etc., S.: quicquid arat Apulus, obtains by cultivation, H.: in Siciliā.—Of a ship, to plough: aequor, V.: aquas, O.—Of Alecto: frontem rugis, V.* * *arare, aravi, aratus V TRANSplow, till, cultivate; produce by plowing, grow; furrow, wrinkle -
6 ob-arō
ob-arō āvī, —, āre, to plough around, plough up: quicquid herbidi terreni erat, L. -
7 stīva
-
8 aratrum
ărātrum, i, n. [arotron], a plough (the inventor of which was Byzyges, acc. to Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 199; or Triptolemus, acc. to Verg. G. 1, 19. The parts of it were temo, stiva, manicula, vomer, buris, aures, and dentale. For a description of it, v. Verg. G. 1, 162 sqq.; Pauly's Real-Ency. I. pp. 665 sq.; and Smith, Dict. Antiq.); Lucr. 1, 313; 5, 219:curvi moderator aratri,
id. 5, 933, and id. 6, 1251; Cic. Rosc. Am. 18; id. Agr. 2, 25; id. N. D. 2, 63, 159; Verg. G. 1, 19; 1, 170 et saep.: imprimere aratrum muris, to press the plough into the walls (of a town), i. e. to turn a town into arable land, to destroy completely, Hor. C. 1, 16, 20; cf. Sen. Clem. 1, 26, 4;used for marking the boundaries of new towns,
Cic. Phil. 2, 40:Aeneas urbem designat aratro,
Verg. A. 5, 755, ubi v. Serv.; Cato ap. Isid. Orig. 15, 2; Inscr. Orell. 3683. -
9 Buris
1.būris, is, m. ( būra, ae, f., Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 2) [acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 170 (cf. also Isid. Orig. 20, 14, 2), contr. from bous and oura, ox-tail], the curved hinder part of the plough of the ancients, the plough-beam, Varr. ap. Serv. l. l.— Acc. burim, Verg. G. 1, 170 Serv. and Voss.; Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 2.2.Būris, is, f., a city of Achaia; acc. Burin, Ov. M. 15, 293. -
10 buris
1.būris, is, m. ( būra, ae, f., Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 2) [acc. to Serv. ad Verg. G. 1, 170 (cf. also Isid. Orig. 20, 14, 2), contr. from bous and oura, ox-tail], the curved hinder part of the plough of the ancients, the plough-beam, Varr. ap. Serv. l. l.— Acc. burim, Verg. G. 1, 170 Serv. and Voss.; Varr. R. R. 1, 19, 2.2.Būris, is, f., a city of Achaia; acc. Burin, Ov. M. 15, 293. -
11 exaro
I.Lit.: radices, Cato. R. R. 61; id. ap. Plin. 17, 18, 30, § 127; Plin. 18, 6, 8, § 46:II.sepulcra,
Cic. Leg. 2, 23, 58:terminos (with deicere),
Dig. 10, 1, 4, § 4:deum, puerum,
Cic. Div. 2, 23, 51; 2, 38, 80. —Transf.A.To raise, produce by tillage:B.tantum frumenti, ut, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 38; cf.Zumpt,
ib. 2, 3, 47.—In gen., to plough, till, cultivate, Varr. R. R. 1, 10, 1; Plin. 18, 3, 3, § 9:C.locum de integro,
Col. 2, 18, 3:agrum,
Pall. Aug. 1:viam publicam,
Dig. 43, 10, 4;with effodere mala,
i. e. to dig up the earth about them, Pall. Febr. 25, 14.— Poet.: cum rugis vetus frontem senectus exaret, furrows, wrinkles, * Hor. Epod. 8, 4 (cf. aro).—To write, note, set down something on tablets (used by Cic. only in his letters): undecimo die postquam a te discesseram, hoc literularum [p. 674] exaravi, Cic. Att. 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 13, 38; id. Fam. 12, 20 fin.:D.novum prooemium,
id. Att. 16, 6 fin.:ad te harum exemplum in codicillis,
id. Fam. 9, 26; cf.:binos codicillos,
Suet. Oth. 10:id ipsum his versibus exaravi, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 4, 5; cf.:librum tertium Aesopi stilo,
Phaedr. 3, prol. 29:versus,
Suet. Ner. 52; Vulg. Job, 19, 23.—Latera, to flog severely, Amm. 15, 7, 5. -
12 inaro
I.Lit.:II.sarmenta,
Cato, R. R. 37, 3:fabalia pro stercore,
Varr. R. R. 1, 23. 3; cf.:disjectum fimum,
Col. 2, 5, 2:semina abjecta,
Plin. 18, 18, 47, § 169:arbores,
Col. 2, 2, 11. —Transf.A. B.To enter or write in a list, Commod. 70, 15.—C.To mark:stigmatibus vultum,
Ambros. Exhort. Virg. 12, § 83. -
13 manicula
mănĭcŭla, ae, f. dim. [manus].I.Lit., a little hand, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 125.—II.Transf. (cf. Engl. handle), the handle of a plough, plough-tail, Varr. L. L. 5, § 136 Müll. (al. manibula). -
14 obaro
ŏb-ăro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n., to plough around, plough up:cum hostes obarāssent quicquid herbidi terreni extra murum erat,
Liv. 23, 19, 14. -
15 subigo
sŭbĭgo, ēgi, actum, 3 (sūbĭgĭt, scanned with u long, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 47, 106), v. a. [sub-ago], to bring under, get under; bring or get up, or up to any place.I.Lit. (mostly poet.):B.sues antequam aestus incipiat, subigunt in umbrosum locum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 6:qui adverso flumine lembum Remigiis subigit,
i. e. rows up stream, Verg. G. 1, 202:naves ad castellum,
Liv. 26, 7:classem ad moenia,
Sil. 15, 218:saxum contra ardua montis,
id. 13, 610:frondosum apicem ad sidera,
id. 17, 641 et saep.:celsos sonipedes ocius subigit jugo,
brings under the yoke, Sen. Hippol. 1002.—In mal. part.:ancillam,
i. e. to lie with, Aus. Epigr. 142; cf. Suet. Caes. 49.—In gen., to turn up from beneath, to break up, dig up, plough, cultivate; to work, knead; to rub down, sharpen, whet; to tame, break (class.;II.syn. domo): terram ferro,
Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45 fin.:locum subigere oportet bene: ubi erit subactus, areas facito,
to turn over and over, turn up, Cato, R. R. 161, 1: segetes aratris, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 401, 9:agrum bipalio,
Col. 3, 5, 3:glebas,
Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84:vomere terram,
Ov. M. 11, 31:arva,
Verg. G. 1, 125.— Poet.:ratem conto,
to work, move, Verg. A. 6, 302:pontum remis,
i. e. to plough, furrow, Val. Fl. 1, 471:farinam in mortarium indito, aquae paulatim addito subigitoque pulchre: ubi bene subegeris, defingito,
knead it thoroughly, Cato, R. R. 74; so,corium pilis,
id. ib. 18, 7: harenam argillae usque ad lentorem, id. ap. Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 111:panem,
Plin. 18, 11, 27, § 105:aliquid oleo,
id. 32, 10, 44, § 126:digitis opus,
Ov. M. 6, 20:subigunt in cote secures,
i. e. sharpen, Verg. A. 7, 627:pressa manu (pecudum) terga,
to rub down, Col. 6, 30, 1:(beluam) facilem ad subigendum frenat,
easy to be tamed, Cic. Rep. 2, 40, 67; cf.vitulos,
Col. 6, 2, 1:ubera,
Vulg. Ezech. 23, 3.—Trop.A.To put down, overcome, conquer, subjugate, subject, subdue, etc. (freq. in prose and poetry):2.plerique omnes subiguntur sub suum judicium,
Naev. Bell. Pan. Fr. Inc. 7 (p. 18 Vahl.):Persas, Paphlagonas... subegit solus,
Plaut. Curc. 3, 78: tertiam partem orbis terrarum, Cic. [p. 1777] Rosc. Am. 36, 103:quos armis subegimus,
id. Balb. 10, 25:Gallia devicta et subacta,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 46:urbes atque nationes,
Sall. C. 2, 2:totam inter Alpes fretumque Italiam armis,
Flor. 1, 26, 9:Africam,
Val. Max. 6, 9, 14; Just. 30, 3, 9:poëtae consuetudine subigere aures populi debent,
Varr. L. L. 9, 11, 130:nos in deditionem,
Curt. 7, 7, 38:vitulos,
to break in, Col. 6, 2:bos subactus,
id. 6, 3.— Plur. subst.:victi ac subacti,
Cic. Font. 16, 36.— Absol.: mors amici subigit, Att. ap. Non. 2, 22.—In mal. part. (cf. signif. I.): Gallias Caesar subegit, Nicomedes Caesarem, Poët. ap. Suet. Caes. 49.—To bring, incite, impel; to force, compel, constrain to any thing; constr. with ut, ad, or in aliquid; rarely with inf.:B.subegi, fenore argentum ab danistā ut sumeret,
Plaut. Most. 3, 3, 14:tu me numquam subiges, redditum ut reddam tibi,
id. Curc. 4, 3, 8:subigor, ut, etc.,
id. Trin. 4, 2, 6; cf.:nec subigi queantur, ut, etc.,
id. Pers. 2, 2, 12:ut ederet socios, subigi non potuit,
Tac. A. 2, 40:egestate stipendii ad deditionem subigi,
id. H. 3, 8:ad deditionem Volscos,
Liv. 6, 2:hostes ad deditionem,
id. 9, 41; 9, 1:urbes metu subactae in dicionem,
id. 28, 43:hostes fame in deditionem,
Curt. 7, 7, 18:vis subegit verum fateri,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 9:Tarquiniensem metu subegerat frumentum exercitui praebere,
Liv. 9, 41:subegit socios ignotae linquere terrae,
Verg. A. 5, 794:ambitio multos mortalis falsos fieri subegit,
Sall. C. 10, 5:injuria te subegit decernere, etc.,
id. ib. 51, 18; cf. Tac. A. 1, 39:insidiis subactus,
Verg. A. 12, 494.—(Acc. to I. B.) To cultivate, of the mind; to train, discipline (very rare):subacto mihi ingenio opus est, ut agro non semel arato sed novato et iterato, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 2, 30, 131:subacti atque durati bellis,
Liv. 42, 52. -
16 sulco
sulco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [sulcus], to furrow, cut furrows through, to plough (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cic. or Cæs.).I.Lit., in agriculture:II.agros,
Tib. 2, 3, 85:(rura) sulcata Camilli Vomere,
Luc. 1, 168:vomere humum,
Ov. Tr. 3, 10, 68:campos vomere,
Sil. 9, 191. — Absol.:recto plenoque sulcare,
Col. 2, 2, 25.—Transf.(α).Ingen., to furrow, plough; poet., to sail over, traverse, pass through, etc.:(β).sulcant fossas, quo pluvia aqua delabatur,
Varr. R. R. 1, 29, 2:(anguis) harenam Sulcat,
Ov. M. 15, 726:iter caudā,
Luc. 9, 721:longā sulcant vada salsa carinā,
Verg. A. 5, 158:rate undas,
Ov. P. 2, 10, 33; id. M. 4, 707:maria arbore,
Plin. 12, 1, 2, § 5:regna volatu,
Luc. 9, 668:sulcavitque cutem rugis,
furrowed her skin with wrinkles, Ov. M. 3, 276:gressus,
App. M. 5, p. 167, 22:sulcatis lateribus,
i. e. by lashes, Amm. 14, 9, 5.—To elaborate, to work out (cf. exaro), Ven. Fort. Vita Mart. -
17 urbo
urvo ( urbo), āre, v. n. [urvum], to plough round, mark out with a plough:urvat, Ennius in Andromedā significat circumdat, ab eo sulco, qui fit in urbe condendā urvo aratri... Ait autem: Circum sese urvat ad pedes, etc.,
Fest. p. 375 Müll. N. cr. (Trag. v. 141 Vahl.); cf.:urvare est aratro definire,
Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6. -
18 urbum
urvum ( urbum), i, n., the curved part of a plough, the plough-tail, with which the bounds of cities were marked out, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 10 Schneid. N. cr.; cf. id. L. L. 5, §§ 127 and 135 Müll.; Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6. -
19 urvo
urvo ( urbo), āre, v. n. [urvum], to plough round, mark out with a plough:urvat, Ennius in Andromedā significat circumdat, ab eo sulco, qui fit in urbe condendā urvo aratri... Ait autem: Circum sese urvat ad pedes, etc.,
Fest. p. 375 Müll. N. cr. (Trag. v. 141 Vahl.); cf.:urvare est aratro definire,
Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6. -
20 urvum
urvum ( urbum), i, n., the curved part of a plough, the plough-tail, with which the bounds of cities were marked out, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 10 Schneid. N. cr.; cf. id. L. L. 5, §§ 127 and 135 Müll.; Dig. 50, 16, 239, § 6.
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